How to Compile Nginx From Source on Fedora 25

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NGINX can be used as an HTTP/HTTPS server, reverse proxy server, mail proxy server, load balancer, TLS terminator, or caching server. It is quite modular by design. It has native modules and third-party modules created by the community. Written in the C programming language, it's a very fast and lightweight piece of software.

NOTE: NGINX has two version streams that run in parallel - stable and mainline. Both versions can be used on a production server. It is recommended to use the mainline version in production.

Installing NGINX from source code is relatively "easy" - download the latest version of the NGINX source code, configure, build and install it.

In this tutorial I will use the mainline version, which is 1.13.3 at the time of writing. Update version numbers accordingly when newer versions become available.

Requirements for building NGINX from source

Mandatory requirements:

OpenSSL library version between 1.0.2 - 1.1.0
zlib library version between 1.1.3 - 1.2.11
PCRE library version between 4.4 - 8.41
GCC Compiler

Optional requirements:

Before you begin

Create regular user with sudo access:
Switch to the new user:
```
su - <username>
```

Update system:

sudo dnf check-update || sudo dnf upgrade -y

Build NGINX from source

Install "Development Tools", Vim editor, wget, and gcc-c++:

sudo dnf install -y @development-tools && sudo dnf install -y vim wget gcc-c++

Download the latest mainline version of NGINX source code and untar it:

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.3.tar.gz && tar zxvf nginx-1.13.3.tar.gz

Download the NGINX dependencies' source code and extract them:

NGINX depends on 3 libraries: PCRE, zlib and OpenSSL:

# PCRE version 8.41

wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.41.tar.gz && tar xzvf pcre-8.41.tar.gz



# zlib version 1.2.11

wget https://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz && tar xzvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz



# OpenSSL version 1.1.0f

wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz && tar xzvf openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz

Download and install optional NGINX dependencies:

# perl

sudo dnf install -y perl perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed



# libxslt

sudo dnf install -y libxslt libxslt-devel



# libxml2

sudo dnf install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel



# libgd

sudo dnf install -y gd gd-devel



# GeoIP

sudo dnf install -y GeoIP GeoIP-devel



# Libatomic_Ops

sudo dnf install -y libatomic_ops libatomic_ops-devel

Remove all .tar.gz files. We don't need them anymore:
```
rm -rf *.tar.gz
```
Go to the NGINX source directory:
```
cd ~/nginx-1.13.3
```

For good measure, list NGINX source code files and directories:

ls

# auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  man  README  src

Copy NGINX manual page to /usr/share/man/man8/:

sudo cp ~/nginx-1.13.3/man/nginx.8 /usr/share/man/man8/

sudo gzip /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8

# Check that Man page for NGINX is working

man nginx

For help, you can list available configuration switches by running:

./configure --help

# To see want core modules can be build as dynamic run:

./configure --help | grep -F =dynamic

Configure, compile, and install NGINX:

./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx \

            --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \

            --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules \

            --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \

            --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \

            --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \

            --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \

            --user=nginx \

            --group=nginx \

            --build=Fedora \

            --builddir=nginx-1.13.3 \

            --with-select_module \

            --with-poll_module \

            --with-threads \

            --with-file-aio \

            --with-http_ssl_module \

            --with-http_v2_module \

            --with-http_realip_module \

            --with-http_addition_module \

            --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic \

            --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic \

            --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic \

            --with-http_sub_module \

            --with-http_dav_module \

            --with-http_flv_module \

            --with-http_mp4_module \

            --with-http_gunzip_module \

            --with-http_gzip_static_module \

            --with-http_auth_request_module \

            --with-http_random_index_module \

            --with-http_secure_link_module \

            --with-http_degradation_module \

            --with-http_slice_module \

            --with-http_stub_status_module \

            --with-http_perl_module=dynamic \

            --with-perl=/usr/bin/perl \

            --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \

            --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \

            --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \

            --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \

            --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \

            --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \

            --with-mail=dynamic \

            --with-mail_ssl_module \

            --with-stream=dynamic \

            --with-stream_ssl_module \

            --with-stream_realip_module \

            --with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic \

            --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \

            --with-compat \

            --with-pcre=../pcre-8.41 \

            --with-pcre-jit \

            --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11 \

            --with-openssl=../openssl-1.1.0f \

            --with-openssl-opt=no-nextprotoneg \

            --with-debug



make

sudo make install

Print the NGINX version, compiler version, and configure script parameters:

nginx -V



# nginx version: nginx/1.13.3 (Fedora)

# built by gcc 6.3.1 20161221 (Red Hat 6.3.1-1) (GCC)

# built with OpenSSL 1.1.0f  25 May 2017

# TLS SNI support enabled

# configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx . . .

# . . .

Create the NGINX system user and group:

sudo useradd --system --home /var/cache/nginx --shell /sbin/nologin --comment "nginx user" --user-group nginx

Check syntax and potential errors:

sudo nginx -t

# Will throw this error: nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp" failed (2: No such file or directory)

# Just create directory

sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/ && sudo nginx -t

Create a systemd unit file for NGINX:

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service

Copy/paste the following content:

NOTE: The location of the PID file and the NGINX binary may be different depending on how NGINX was compiled.

[Unit]

Description=Nginx - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server

Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/

After=network.target



[Service]

Type=forking

PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid

ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'

ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;' -s reload

ExecStop=-/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid

TimeoutStopSec=5

KillMode=mixed



[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

Start NGINX:
```
sudo systemctl start nginx.service
```
Enable NGINX to start automatically on boot:
```
sudo systemctl enable nginx.service
```

Check if NGINX will startup after a reboot:

sudo systemctl is-enabled nginx.service

# enabled

Check if NGINX is running:

sudo systemctl status nginx.service

ps aux | grep nginx

curl -I 127.0.0.1

Reboot your VPS to verify that NGINX starts up automatically:
```
sudo shutdown -r now
```

Remove archaic files from the /etc/nginx/ directory:

sudo rm /etc/nginx/koi-utf /etc/nginx/koi-win /etc/nginx/win-utf

Place syntax highlighting files of NGINX configuration for vim into ~/.vim/. You will be presented with nice syntax highlighting when editing NGINX configuration file:
```
mkdir ~/.vim/

cp -r ~/nginx-1.13.3/contrib/vim/* ~/.vim/
```
Make a conf.d/ directory in the /etc/nginx/ directory. In this directory, you can place virtual servers and upstreams:
```
sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d/
```
Remove extracted directories and files from your home directory:
```
rm -rf nginx-1.13.3/ openssl-1.1.0f/ pcre-8.41/ zlib-1.2.11/
```

Conclusion

That's it. You now have newest version of NGINX installed. It is compiled statically against some important libraries like OpenSSL. Often, the system OpenSSL version is outdated. By using this method of installing with a newer version of OpenSSL, you can take advantage of new ciphers like CHACHA20_POLY1305 and protocols like TLS 1.3 that will be available in OpenSSL 1.1.1 (which has not been released at the time of writing).

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